As new enrolments to the European School of Alicante will start soon, many families have questions about how a child’s Language 1 (L1) —mother tongue or dominant language— is determined.
The information below aims to clarify the process and reduce unnecessary stress.

A key principle of the European Schools

In accordance with Article 47e) of the General Rules of the European Schools, a fundamental principle of the European Schools is that each pupil is taught in their mother tongue or dominant language as their first language (L1).

Whenever a corresponding language section exists, pupils are enrolled in that section.
Parents do not freely choose the child’s L1; its determination is the responsibility of the School Director, based on pedagogical criteria.

What is meant by “dominant language”?

For multilingual children, the dominant language is the language in which the child has the best command, not necessarily the one spoken at home. The school bases this decision on information provided by families during enrolment, and when needed, comparative language tests organised by the school (at any age, including nursery).

Possible exceptions

An exception may be considered only in specific cases, notably if the child has been educated for at least two years in another language and is considered able to continue schooling successfully in that language. Each case is assessed individually.

If no language section exists

If there is no section corresponding to the child’s L1, the pupil is generally enrolled in a vehicular language section (EN, FR, ES or DE) and follows L1 classes as a SWALS pupil (Student Without a Language Section).
If a new language section is later created, eligible SWALS pupils are normally transferred automatically.

Is L1 definitive?

In principle, the determination of L1 at enrolment is definitive.
A change is only possible for compelling pedagogical reasons, supported by the Class Council and authorised by the School Director.

A reassuring note for families

The objective is always the same: to place each child in the linguistic environment that best supports their learning, well-being and long-term academic success. Families are encouraged to provide clear information and to trust the school’s pedagogical expertise.